Frequency-Hopped Quadrature Frequency Synthesizer in 0.13- $\mu$ m Technology

This paper presents a Wireless-USB/WiMedia-compliant fast-hopping frequency synthesizer architecture with quadrature outputs based on sub-harmonic injection-locking. The synthesizer features a cross-coupled quadrature digitally-controlled oscillator, that is injection-locked to a sub-harmonic frequency. An intuitive closed-form expression for the dynamics of the quadrature injection-locked oscillator and a technique to achieve fast frequency-hopping, are presented. The overall architecture, based on this technique, is a CMOS-only implementation and has been fabricated in a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. On-chip mixers have been implemented to measure the quadrature accuracy of the outputs. Measurement results indicate lock-times of less than 2.5 ns, a locked phase noise of -114 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and a quadrature accuracy of better than 0.5°. The frequency synthesizer (excluding output buffers) occupies an area of 0.27 mm² and consumes 14.5 mW of power. The best and worst case spur suppression achieved are 47 and 31 dB, respectively. This is the lowest power fast-hopping quadrature frequency synthesizer that has been reported to date.