Calorimetric thermal voltage converter as a wideband calculable standard of AC-DC difference

A calorimetric thermal voltage converter is used at the National Research Council of Canada as a high-frequency reference standard of the Ac-DC transfer difference. This paper describes its redesigned realization with an optimized frequency characteristic. Results presented in the paper show that it can be used as a standard of AC-DC difference in the 1 Hz to 100 MHz frequency range. The agreement between the calculated and measured AC-DC transfer differences is better than ±10 μV/V at 10 MHz, and ±300 μV/V at 100 MHz