Full-dimensional MIMO for future cellular networks

Full-dimensional multiple input multiple output (FD-MIMO) is a practical implementation of massive MIMO in cellular communication systems. FD-MIMO relies on an active two-dimensional antenna grid at the base stations and harvests the benefits of both azimuth and elevation beamforming. This paper briefly introduces the concept of FD-MIMO, and surveys the recent research results and applications of active antenna systems (AAS) technology. The key concepts discussed range from antenna patterns and channel modeling to vertical sectorization and heterogeneous networks deployment. The paper focuses on the benefits of FD-MIMO in an urban environment with high rises and three-dimensional user deployment. It demonstrates the importance of FD-MIMO in enhancing the performance of cellular networks.