Channel modeling of a partially open drain at 2.4 GHz

As wireless communication becomes more ubiquitous, there is a steadfast growing need to accumulate the propagation knowledge in small radio cells because they can increase the capacity of radio networks and overcome radio spectrum crowding. For these small radio cells that are intended to cover mainly indoor or very small outdoor areas their base station antennas are usually mounted inside a building or below rooftop level in an outdoor environment. In such scenarios when the lower base-station antennas are used, various objects that exist in that particular environment may affect radio propagation significantly so their effects should be studied.