Title :
A System for Recognizing Online Handwritten Mathematical Expressions and Improvement of Structure Analysis
Author :
Anh Duc Le ; Van Phan, Truyen ; Nakagawa, Masaki
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Comput. & Inf. Sci., Tokyo Univ. of Agric. & Technol., Tokyo, Japan
Abstract :
This paper presents a system for recognizing online handwritten mathematical expressions (MEs) and improvement of structure analysis. We represent MEs in Context Free Grammars (CFGs) and employ the Cocke-Younger-Kasami (CYK) algorithm to parse 2D structure of on-line handwritten MEs and select the best interpretation in terms of symbol segmentation, recognition and structure analysis. We propose a method to learn structural relations from training patterns without any heuristic decisions by using two SVM models. We employ stroke order to reduce the complexity of the parsing algorithm. Moreover, we revise structure analysis. Even though CFG does not resolve ambiguities in some cases, our method still gives users a list of candidates that contain expecting result. We evaluate our method in the CROHME 2013 database and demonstrate the improvement of our system in recognition rate as well as processing time.
Keywords :
computational complexity; context-free grammars; handwritten character recognition; image segmentation; learning (artificial intelligence); mathematics computing; support vector machines; 2D structure parsing; CFG; CROHME 2013 database; CYK algorithm; Cocke-Younger-Kasami algorithm; SVM model; complexity reduction; context free grammars; heuristic decisions; online handwritten ME; online handwritten mathematical expression recognition; parsing algorithm; stroke order; structural relation learning; structure analysis; symbol recognition; symbol segmentation; training patterns; Character recognition; Grammar; Handwriting recognition; Hidden Markov models; Production; Support vector machines; Training; 2D Context Free Grammar; CYK parsing algorithm; handwritten mathematical expressions; online recognition;
Conference_Titel :
Document Analysis Systems (DAS), 2014 11th IAPR International Workshop on
Conference_Location :
Tours
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4799-3243-6
DOI :
10.1109/DAS.2014.52
