Electrically biased W-band phase shifter based on liquid crystal

This paper presents the design and simulation results of an electrically biased liquid crystal based phase shifter for W-band frequencies. The return loss is simulated to less than 15 dB in a frequency range of 96 GHz to 104 GHz. In the same range, the insertion loss is less than 3.3 dB with a steadily increasing differential phase shift from 364° to 384°. This results in a phase shifter figure of merit better than 115 °/dB. The director dynamics and therefore the response time of the phase shifter is calculated to be T₁₀⁹⁰= 2 s.