Design and analysis of pulse-width modulation-based two-stage current-mode multi-phase voltage doubler

A new closed-loop switched-capacitor (SC) converter of two-stage current-mode multi-phase voltage doubler (CMPVD) is presented by combining multi-phase operation and pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique for low-power DC-DC step-up conversion and output current regulation. This CMPVD is composed of two voltage doublers and one constant current source in series. The voltage doublers are in charge of boosting voltage, and are combined with multi-phase operation to obtain the higher voltage gain by the least number of pumping capacitors. The current source is adopted for supplying a constant current at output terminal, and is combined with PWM to reinforce output regulation as well as robustness against source/loading variation. Further, the relevant theoretical analysis and design include CMPVD model, steady-state/dynamic analysis, power efficiency, conversion ratio, output ripple, source lower bound, capacitance and current source selection, stability and closed-loop control. Finally, the closed-loop CMPVD is designed and simulated, and the hardware implementation is realised and tested. All the results are illustrated to show the efficacy of the proposed scheme.