Title :
Circularly symmetric watermark embedding in 2-D DFT domain
Author :
Solachidis, Vassilios ; Pitas, Ioannis
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Informatics, Thessaloniki Univ., Greece
fDate :
11/1/2001 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
In this paper, a method for digital image watermarking is described that is resistant to geometric transformations. A private key, which allows a very large number of watermarks, determines the watermark, which is embedded on a ring in the DFT domain. The watermark possesses circular symmetry. Correlation is used for watermark detection. The original image is not required in detection. The proposed method is resistant to JPEG compression, filtering, noise addition, scaling, translation, cropping, rotation, printing and rescanning. Experimental results prove the robustness of this method against the aforementioned attacks
Keywords :
copy protection; data encapsulation; discrete Fourier transforms; image coding; transform coding; 2D DFT domain; JPEG compression; attacks; circularly symmetric watermark embedding; correlation; cropping; digital image watermarking; filtering; geometric transformations; noise addition; printing; private key; rescanning; robustness; rotation; scaling; translation; watermark detection; Copyright protection; Digital images; Discrete Fourier transforms; Discrete cosine transforms; Fourier transforms; Frequency domain analysis; Image processing; Immune system; Robustness; Watermarking;
Journal_Title :
Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on
