Influence of anisotropies on transverse modes in oxide-confined VCSELs

Author

Debernardi, Pierluigi ; Bava, Gian Paolo ; Degen, Christian ; Fischer, Ingo ; Elsasser, W.

Volume

38

Issue

1

fYear

2002

fDate

1/1/2002 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

73

Lastpage

84

Abstract

We present a comprehensive fully vectorial model for the cavity eigenmodes of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with the details of their complex structure. It includes device-inherent symmetry-breaking mechanisms like noncircular geometries and material anisotropies related to the elasto-optic and electro-optic effect. The latter is accounted for in the model starting from the material and doping profiles. We compare these theoretical results with experimental findings of spectrally and polarization-resolved transverse mode nearfields of oxide-confined VCSELs with two different aperture diameters. Within a parametric study of the influence of aperture anisotropies, we are able to calculate frequencies and gains of all transverse mode families, their polarization dependence and their spatial mode profiles which are in good agreement with the experimental findings

Keywords

birefringence; doping profiles; electro-optical effects; laser cavity resonators; light polarisation; oxidation; piezo-optical effects; semiconductor device measurement; semiconductor device models; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; VCSELs; anisotropy effects; aperture anisotropies; aperture diameters; birefringence; cavity eigenmodes; device-inherent symmetry-breaking mechanisms; doping profiles; elasto-optic effect; electro-optic effect; material anisotropies; material profiles; noncircular geometries; oxide-confined VCSELs; oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; polarization; polarization dependence; polarization-resolved transverse mode nearfields; spatial mode profiles; spectrally-resolved transverse mode nearfields; transverse mode frequencies; transverse mode gains; transverse modes; vectorial model; Anisotropic magnetoresistance; Apertures; Laser modes; Laser theory; Lasers and electrooptics; Optical materials; Polarization; Semiconductor process modeling; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9197

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/3.973322

Filename

973322