Characterization of novel mono- and bifacially active semi-transparent crystalline silicon solar cells

This paper presents the latest cell results for semi-transparent mono- as well as bifacially active POWER (Polycrystalline Wafer Engineering Result) solar cells of different cell sizes on Cz and multicrystalline silicon substrates. Top efficiencies of 10.4% for monofacial and 12.9% for bifacial cells are reported. Attention has been paid to apply a fully industrially compatible production process. It uses dicing saw based mechanical texturization of the front and rear side of the silicon wafer and screen printing metallization. In the POWER solar cell concept, perpendicular grooves on the front and rear side create holes with a variable diameter at their crossing points. This results in a partial optical transparency of the solar cell. In this study, holes of 200 μm diameter lead to a transparency of 16-18% on average for the total cell area. The cell characteristics for the different cell types are compared by means of illuminated and dark current-voltage (I-V), spectral response, and Laser Beam Induced Current (LBIC) measurements. While bifacial POWER cells need a more elaborate production process, they reveal better I-V characteristics and a higher efficiency as compared to monofacial cells. This is mainly explained by a better surface passivation due to an active emitter and a passivating silicon nitride ARC both on the front and rear surface