Direction-Finding Wideband Linear FM Sources with Triangular Arrays

A new algorithm is proposed to estimate the two-dimensional (2D) elevation-azimuth angle of a wideband linear frequency-modulated (LFM) signal utilizing a triangular array. This temporal-invariance ESPRIT algorithm is developed based on the time-delayed data sets collected by the triangular array. The approach can offer closed-form direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of the LFM signal with no a priori knowledge of the incident source´s frequency spectrum. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified by Monte Carlo simulation. Closed-form Cramer-Rao bounds of the direction-of-arrival and parameters of the LFM signal are also derived.