Design and development of the space technology 5 (ST5) solar arrays

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration\´s (NASA\´s) Space Technology 5 (ST5) is designed to flight-test the concept of miniaturized "small size" satellites and innovative technologies in earth\´s magnetosphere. Three satellites will map the intensity and direction of the magnetic fields within the inner magnetosphere. Due to the small area available for the solar arrays, and to meet the mission power requirements, very high-efficiency multijunction solar cells were selected to power the spacecraft built by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This was done in partnership with the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) through the Dual-Use Science and Technology (DUS&T) program. Emcore\´s InGaP/InGaAs/Ge advanced triple-junction (ATJ) solar cells, exhibiting an average air mass zero (AM0) efficiency of 28.0% (one-sun, 28°C), were used to populate the arrays. Each spacecraft employs 8 identical solar panels (total area of about 0.3 m²), with 15 large-area solar cells per panel. The requirement for power is to support on-orbit average load of 13.5 W at 8.4 V, with ±5% off pointing. The details of the solar array design, development and qualification considerations, as well as ground electrical performance & shadowing analysis results are presented.