Target motion analysis with bearings and frequencies measurements via instrumental variable estimator [passive sonar]

Estimating position and velocity of a moving source requires at least an ownship maneuver when performing bearing-only tracking (BOT). By concurrently processing bearing and Dopplerized radiated frequencies a unique target motion analysis (TMA) solution is available without any maneuver. A simple, fast, non-time-recursive estimator, working on several unknown measured spectral lines, is presented. The statistical efficiency of such a Doppler and bearing tracking (DBT) is proved by computer simulation. Simulation results show that DBT can yield proper estimates of source trajectory: range accuracy better than 10% within at most 10 min for a source at 20 km and nine sinusoids