GNSS antenna characteristics using bi-orthogonal far-field measurement

This paper describes a technique for characterization of GNSS antennas, using bi-orthogonal (two orthogonal linear polarizations) far-field measurements. The main feature of the proposed technique is that measurement can be done using only one measuring antenna with linear polarization. The formulas for calculation according to the bi-orthogonal measurements of the radiation patterns for co- (right-handed) and cross- (left-handed) circular polarizations, axial ratio, multipath ratio, coordinates and instability of the phase center position are given. An example of characteristics of a spiral slot GNSS antenna using the proposed technique is discussed.