Two-dimensional DC-biased properties of magnetic materials

Summary form only given. There were many cases that the magnetic materials are used under symmetrical AC exciting condition. But recent years the exciting condition is diversified with progress in power electronics. For example, the permanent magnet motor, the electromagnetic acoustic transducer and the electrical machine used with semiconductor devices are thought that the exciting condition is diversified. In these machines, it is possible to occur a DC-biased magnetization in iron cores. The DC-biased magnetization will increase iron loss, maximum current and noise. The DC-biased scalar magnetic properties can not clarify the serious problems. These were made clear from the two-dimensional magnetic properties. Thus the magnetic field and magnetic flux density in magnetic materials must be measured as a vector quantity (two-dimensional).