Restoration optimization with distributed generation considering islanding

Power system analysis software for distribution systems has often assumed one power source, which requires that the system stay interconnected during restoration. With the advent of more distributed resources, many distribution systems the penetration of distribution generators. With the inclusion of multiple generators it is possible to reconfigure a system in separate islands after outages or cascading faults. This paper discusses an approach to develop an optimization formulation that includes both distributed generation and islanding as a restoration solution.