Reliability evaluation of electric power systems with solar photovoltaic & energy storage

Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) place an obligation on independent service operators (ISOs) to have a minimum energy generation mix from an approved renewable energy source, e.g. photovoltaic (PV). The variability of PV power output impacts on electric power system reliability and energy storage (ES) is one of several options for better grid reliability. This paper convolves Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) generation and load model, considering PV and ES to yield system adequacy indices at hierarchical level 1 (HL1) via an analytical technique. Uniform Singapore Energy Price (USEP) from the Energy Market Company (EMC) Singapore and NTU rooftop PV irradiance data are incorporated as parts of annual electricity cost saving research. The analytical technique proposed can help ISOs as first cut analysis to evaluate the potential of PV & ES to benefit system reliability and ways to improve its potential applications.