The Risk Modeling and Audit Supervising for Transport Public Private Partnerships in China

In this paper, hierarchical holographic modeling (HHM) is used to identify the risks in transport PPPs under the perspectives of contractual nature of PPPs, institution and cultural environment, and inadequate supervision. Then, we propose that the traditional financial audit approach can not effectively control risk on PPPs, and furthermore, we give an analytic framework of audit supervision for transport PPPs by combining the approaches of modern risk-orient and performance audit to control the risks.