Evidence for Schema Theory from Surface Electromyography: An Artificial Neural Network Approach

In order to study voluntary movement control, we applied artificial neural networks (ANNs) to define the temporal patterns of surface electromyography (SEMG) activity used by normal subjects in performing three tasks, namely, wrist extension, continuous extension-flexion movements and extension-flexion movements for which the pause time between extension and flexion were 250 ms. SEMGs of 8 muscles were simultaneously recorded together with wrist movement. The results provided some evidence for the schema theory