Magnetic front-end with complex geometry for application of wireless sensor networks in water and liquids

The paper introduces an efficient procedure that allows the design of low cost magnetic antennas with arbitrary shape and extremely reduced dimensions. The technique does not need any optimization procedure and it can be applied to any antenna geometry, even very complex ones, e.g., with fractal shape. Simulations have been compared to measurements, proving a good agreement and an excellent performance in terms of radiation efficiency, not only in free space, but also when the antenna is collocated inside dissipative media. For this reason, the device can be efficiently proposed for the realization of the terminal unit in wireless sensor networks, especially when the node must be embedded inside lossy material.