Invasive confirmation of the human ventricular activation sequence as computed from body surface potentials

The authors recorded body surface potential maps (BSPMs) of a patient undergoing a catheterization. During this catheterization the heart was paced on a fixed location in the right ventricle. They then used an inverse procedure, which was developed previously, to determine the isochrones of ventricular activation noninvasively, from the measured BSPMs. The computed activation sequence for the paced heartbeat was in complete accordance with what was known invasively. It reflected the spreading of a single wavefront starting at the exact site of pacing in the right ventricle