Experimental Study of Radiation Efficiency from an Ingested Source inside a Human Body Model*

The attenuation of human body trunk at frequency range of 100 MHz to 6 GHz from an internal source was estimated using a simplified experimental model. Antennas were placed in the model which was filled with distilled water, 0.9% NaCl saline solution, and porcine body tissue alternately to determine the attenuation of the system. Saline has greater attenuation than water due to its higher conductivity, while porcine body tissue has attenuation bounded by saline solution and water. Estimated attenuation at the four ISM bands, 434 MHz, 915 MHz, 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz were given and all of these bands satisfied the safety and sensitivity requirements of a biomedical telemetry system. 915MHz and 2.45GHz are good choices for the wireless link because of their relatively larger electrical size of RF components such as antenna. In addition, with the growth in wireless LAN and Bluetooth technology, miniaturized antennas, camera modules, and other RF devices have been developed which can be employed in biomedical ingested or implanted devices. This paper gives a reference of attenuation values of a human body trunk of average size. It should be noted that the attenuation values can be different for different body size and different body composition, and therefore the values in this paper serves as a reference only