Wireless Sensor Networks Applications and Routing Protocols: Survey and Research Challenges

Several Routing Protocols have been proposed and developed in the last few years for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Since there has been increasing interest in the development of Wireless Sensor Networks to specific applications, it is necessary to discuss routing techniques suitable to the application and segregate the Quality of Service (QOS) parameters specific to the application domain along with the QOS parameters of the general Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper analyses the chosen Wireless Sensor Networks Applications, their significant QOS needs, and Routing protocols which satisfy the QOS needs. Any other application which has the same QOS needs may use the routing protocol (or with minimum customization) which satisfy the QOS discussed in this paper. Any routing algorithm which satisfies the QOS parameters may be applied to the application domain.