Atmospheric Effects Removal for the Infrared Image Sequences

Accurate correction of atmospheric effects on data captured by an infrared (IR) camera is crucial for several applications such as vegetation monitoring, temperature monitoring, satellite images, hyperspectral imaging, numerical model simulations, surface properties characterization, and IR measurement interpretation. Atmospheric effects depend on the temporal changes, i.e., year, season, day, hour, etc., and on the geometry between the camera and the measured scene, i.e., line of sight. The orientation and the optical depth of the camera significantly affect the variation of the geometry across the pixels. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the range and zenith angle of each pixel using only the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of the camera and a point of interest in the scene. The estimated geometry and measured meteorological data are used to obtain the spectral atmospheric transmittance and path radiance. Furthermore, we propose an atmospheric effects removal, i.e., atmospheric correction, method that considers the spectral characteristics of the detector, lens, and filter. The proposed atmospheric correction process is analyzed in detail with the simultaneous measurements of two IR cameras. In this process, an enhanced temperature calibration method is developed and it is shown that the temperature accuracy for the dynamic range of the IR camera is very close to the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) value of the camera.