On the parameter setting of PI and PID controllers

The transfer functions of the first and second order systems without time delays are obtained by using PI and PID controllers with the consideration of load variations. Base on system performance, the parameters of PI or PID controllers are set with the reference of maximum overshoot, occurring time of maximum overshoot or crossover frequency. The optimal settings of the parameter are then calculated via a computer software-Math Cad. Computer simulations are also made to verify the obtained parameters. Several numerical examples will be simulated to show that the method presented in this paper lead to the optimal parameters satisfying designer´s various demands