Downlink adaptive antenna techniques for WCDMA

This paper analyses candidate adaptive algorithms for operating antenna arrays on the downlink of wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems, including diversity, beamforming and hybrid schemes. The algorithms are simulated and compared with each other under different channel environments and for various numbers of transmit antennas. Furthermore, a new blind downlink technique is proposed, which optimises performance in all channel environments according to a flexible criterion and yields the best performance among the presented blind techniques.