CCCII-based High-output Impedance Current-mode Universal Filter Employing Only Grounded Capacitors

A current-controlled current-mode universal filter with three inputs and one output using only three current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and two grounded capacitors is described. The proposed filter provides lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandstop and allpass current outputs at a high impedance terminal, which enable easy cascadability. The filter also offers an independent electronic control of the natural frequency omega₀ and the parameter omega ₀/Q through adjusting the bias current of the CCCII. No critical matching condition is required for realizing all the filter responses, and all the incremental parameter sensitivities are low. The performances of the proposed circuit are simulated with PSPICE to confirm the presented theory