Simulations on halo formation in high intensity ion beams

Space-charge dominated beams can induce chaotic behavior of particle trajectories leading to halo formation on the beam spot. This causes particle losses along the beam transportation that must be minimized. The fractional losses must be kept below 10^-7/m. This is a very low threshold to check with standard multiparticle codes. To study this kind of problems a new particle simulation approach is proposed in this paper in analogy with the single particle to core interaction model which is the most used calculation technique applied in these kind of phenomena