The fabrication and stability study of bismuth doped zinc oxide prepared by spray pyrolysis

The bismuth doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Bi) was prepared by spray pyrolysis with zinc acetate and bismuth nitrate precursors. The surface morphology and crystalline quality were characterized. For films without and with low bismuth nitrate content, n-type conduction was observed. The p-type zinc oxide film can be achieved with the bismuth nitrate concentration doping more than 0.3 at.%. The film conductivity, concentration and mobility were characterized. A stable hole concentration as 4×10¹⁷ cm^-3 can be achieved with 5% bismuth nitrate doping.