Review of the impact of electric vehicles participating in frequency regulation on power grid

Electric vehicles (EVs) can act as distributed storages and loads while they are connected to the grid. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system can provide active power support and frequency regulation services to mitigate the intermittence of renewable energy sources (RES), and balance the loads in the grid. Through V2G technologies, EVs can provide power to the grid, which significantly improves the performance of the stability, efficiency, and reliability of power grid operation. Moreover, the participation of sufficient EVs in power grid will help diminish greenhouse gases. This paper reviewed the current studies on the participation of EVs in frequency regulation from different perspectives. The impact of V2G technologies on different power systems, and control strategies, management, incentive policy and challenges of both small-scale EV and large-scale EV were simply reviewed. At last, the future research prospect of frequency regulation with EVs was discussed.