Fluorescence interferometry: From mesoscopic to nanoscopic biomedical imaging

This paper introduces the concept of fluorescent light interferometry to open up new possibilities for measuring fluorescence phase information through biological matter with nanometer-to-mesoscopic level resolution. Fluorescence interferometry enables the development of novel fluorescent light-based imaging, sensing, ranging, and profiling methods that to some extent resemble interferometric techniques based on white light sources. We describe applications of fluorescence interferometry in optical tomography and localization microscopy and present experimental results of wide-field cross-sectional biological imaging with high resolution and large depth of field, as well as precise localization of single, fluorescent nano-emitters with three dimensional nanometer-level accuracy.