Grounding resistance, step and touch voltages for a driven vertical rod into two layer model soil

This paper presents a new technique to calculate the grounding resistance (R_g), the touch and step voltages due to discharging current into a vertical rod in two layer soil. The technique is used the current simulation method (CSM). The study of grounding resistance and earth surface potential (ESP) are the outcome of mathematical manipulations of current simulation method, image theory, resistance and capacitance duality concept. The results are in a good agreement with the other techniques.