An adaptive fuel injection control with internal model in automotive engines

An adaptive fuel-injection control system has been developed for automotive engines. It uses a new air-fuel (A/F) ratio sensor to sense the wide A/F range, and consists of three subsystems based on a fuel behavior model: an inverse system (IS), a model following compensator (MFC), and an estimator of model parameters (EMP). The EMP estimates the parameters of the fuel behavior model during idling and adjusts the IS and MFC. This system allows accurate control of the A/F ratio during acceleration or deceleration, even when the engine coolant temperature conditions and/or fuel compositions vary