In situ tuning monolithic continuous time leapfrog filters

High precision tuning of monolithic continuous time leapfrog filter structures is achieved using in situ tuning methods. Leapfrog structures are selected because they simulated LC ladder filters, which are known to have low coefficient sensitivity. This is desirable for tuning since more coefficient error can be tolerated. The techniques consist of isolating subsections of the filter and tuning them separately, which avoids capacitor and gain matching limitations of classical master-slave techniques. Two different methods of performing this tuning procedure are presented