Reliability evaluation of electrical substations considering load growth

This paper proposes a reliability evaluation method of various types of bus configurations in electrical substations. The reliability is evaluated by using Newton-Raphson power flow calculation with minimal cut sets. Two types of failure modes, i.e. active failure and passive failure, are considered. In addition, the operation of protective devices and power capacity of devices are also taken into account as they affect the path of power flow in substation. The reliability evaluation results of all bus configuration types in electrical substations are compared by the following indices; LOLF, LOLP, and EENS.