Optimal power flow with primary and secondary frequency constraint

Author

Guangyuan Zhang ; McCalley, James

Author_Institution

Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA

fYear

2014

fDate

7-9 Sept. 2014

Firstpage

1

Lastpage

6

Abstract

The high penetration of wind and solar has significantly influenced the power system frequency performance. Inertial response and Primary Frequency Response (PFR) decline when conventional generation is displaced by renewable energy that is not providing the needed control capabilities. The high variability of wind and solar imposes additional regulation burden on remaining conventional generation which motivates a need for new resources to provide Primary Frequency Response (PFR), Secondary Frequency Response (SFR) and Tertiary Frequency Response (TFR). In this paper, a new Optimal Power Flow (OPF) model is proposed to include PFR and SFR sufficiency requirements in it. A 5 bus system and a 118 bus system are simulated to test the proposed model.

Keywords

frequency response; load flow control; power generation control; solar power stations; wind power plants; 118 bus system; 5 bus system; control capabilities; optimal power flow model; power system frequency performance; primary frequency constraint; primary frequency response; renewable energy; secondary frequency constraint; secondary frequency response; solar energy; tertiary frequency response; wind energy; Frequency control; Frequency response; Generators; Mathematical model; Power system stability; Steady-state; Time-frequency analysis; Frequency Nadir; Optimal Power Flow (OPF); Primary Frequency Response (PFR); Secondary Frequency Response (SFR);

fLanguage

English

Publisher

ieee

Conference_Titel

North American Power Symposium (NAPS), 2014

Conference_Location

Pullman, WA

Type

conf

DOI

10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965392

Filename

6965392