Equipotentiality and grounding Derivation of grounding resistance for equipment

Equipotentiality is one means of preventing electric shock. Grounding is a specific kind of equipotentiality. For most power distribution systems, the resistance of the grounding circuit in an electrical product is critical to establishing equipotentiality. This paper explains equipotentiality and how it provides protection against electric shock. This paper also describes the grounding circuit for the various power distribution systems. Finally, this paper shows the effect of the product grounding resistance on the voltage of accessible parts, and validates the value required by various safety standards.