Notice of RetractionVertical coordination and chain competitiveness in food supply chains

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In order to gain competitive advantage of food supply chains specific market and production characteristics are motives for vertical coordination. Although quality assurance systems will contribute as a facilitating factor, the actual competitiveness of the food supply chain will be determined by the ability to develop vertical coordination partnerships. The implications for food supply chains will be a diversity of partnerships characterized by an enhanced asset specificity and higher exit and entry barriers.