Title :
Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: breaking a visual CAPTCHA
Author :
Mori, Greg ; Malik, Jitendra
Author_Institution :
Comput. Sci. Div., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Abstract :
In this paper we explore object recognition in clutter. We test our object recognition techniques on Gimpy and EZ-Gimpy, examples of visual CAPTCHAs. A CAPTCHA ("Completely Automated Public Turing test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart") is a program that can generate and grade tests that most humans can pass, yet current computer programs can\´t pass. EZ-Gimpy, currently used by Yahoo, and Gimpy are CAPTCHAs based on word recognition in the presence of clutter. These CAPTCHAs provide excellent test sets since the clutter they contain is adversarial; it is designed to confuse computer programs. We have developed efficient methods based on shape context matching that can identify the word in an EZ-Gimpy image with a success rate of 92%, and the requisite 3 words in a Gimpy image 33% of the time. The problem of identifying words in such severe clutter provides valuable insight into the more general problem of object recognition in scenes. The methods that we present are instances of a framework designed to tackle this general problem.
Keywords :
clutter; image matching; object recognition; optical character recognition; Completely Automated Public Turing test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart; EZ-Gimpy image; Gimpy image; Yahoo; adversarial clutter; computer program; dictionary; grade test generation; object recognition; shape context matching; visual CAPTCHA; word identification; word recognition; Artificial intelligence; Automatic testing; Computer science; Dictionaries; Humans; Internet; Layout; Object recognition; Postal services; Shape;
Conference_Titel :
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings. 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on
Print_ISBN :
0-7695-1900-8
DOI :
10.1109/CVPR.2003.1211347