Electric vehicle model for estimating distribution transformer load for normal and cold-load pickup conditions

This paper presents a method to estimate the normal load and the cold-load pickup caused by the recharging of electric vehicle (EV) on the distribution transformers. The Monte Carlo simulation method is used to make the estimate in both conditions. The model can calculate the charging load profile with different numbers of customers and different ratios of battery capacity, chargers and car penetration. The model establishes a forecast of the power on transformer and helps for designing strategy that enables electric utilities to avoid new investments on distribution grid, especially during the restoration after a power failure.