Notice of RetractionAccounting for the environmental productivity growth of HSFs: A TFEPI approach

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Since the traditional DEA-Malmquist index cannot analyze changes in single-factor productivity changes under the total-factor framework, following the ideas of Honma and Hu (2009), this article designs an Total-factor energy productivity change index (TFEPI) to evaluate the environmental productivity growth of Heilongjiang state farms (HSFs). Then the TFEPIs for each environmental impact are decomposed into changes in relative environmental efficiency and shift in the environmental technology to analyze the dynamic change in the environmental productivity growth of HSFs. At last the article finds that the average TFEPI changes of waste water, waste gas, and solid for the period from 2004∼2008 are −5%, −16%, and 4%, respectively; only Harbin bureau has got an overall progress at total 3 environmental aspects, while Administration bureau has just presented an opposite outcome.