Co-ordinated control and protection [of substations]

The authors describe how the continuing trend of more and more powerful microprocessors available at decreasing prices have not only opened the way for their application in control and protection equipment, but also been paving the path into the future for substation equipment. Computer based automation has virtually started to revolutionise substation operation and maintenance activities. Many activities that were previously accomplished by personnel can now be more accurately, safely, and consistently accomplished by a computer based automation system