The six-state Markov model for land mobile satellite channels

A new channel model with a six-state Markov chain for the land mobile satellite channel is presented. The received amplitude series were classified into two different states according to the degree of shadowing experienced, and both states have three sub-states. The two-state model, the Lutz distribution (Rice+Rayleigh+Log-normal), is extended to the new six-state model in this paper under the different time-share of shadowing. Comparison of the first- and the second-order statistics of the proposed model with the measured data demonstrate the flexibility of the model in characterizing a variety of channel conditions and propagation mechanisms over satellite links.