Intelligent protection performance monitoring [of power systems]

Expert systems continue to be researched extensively for applications within the electricity supply industry. Much of this research has concentrated on alarm analysis and fault diagnosis for control engineers. The work reported in this paper offers equivalent decision support for protection engineers. Many existing decision support expert systems use rule based techniques. Although rule based expert systems are robust, they have their limitations. This paper introduces a hybrid expert system, combining rule based and model based reasoning, offering improved accuracy of diagnosis, while providing extended hypothesis explanation and verification