Notice of RetractionAssessment on effectiveness of e-learning in uncertainty

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

E-learning effectiveness is the key point to succeed in higher education, various studies are proposed of different evaluation criteria due to widespread popularity of e-learning. It is vital to identify the evaluation criteria of e-learning in effectiveness. This study proposed twenty-five criteria to assess the quality of e-learning. However, the qualitative assessment is always based on the evaluation approach of e-learning effectiveness. Hence, fuzzy set theory is conducted to resolve the qualitative vagueness. The nature of evaluation is always with hierarchical structure; therefore the analytic hierarchy process is the proposed method to analyze the nature of hierarchical structure. An empirical study is implemented in Taiwan higher education. The result provides evaluation criteria in relation to their clarity and applicability for deliberation as the field moves forward in establishing evidenced practices.