Photographing-decodable steganography by use of a high-frame-rate LED display

We propose a kind of steganography that features decoding by photographing an LED screen. Our proposed steganography employs a high-frame-rate LED display to embed a secret image in successive 4 fields that are changed at 480 Hz. We have investigated display sequences of the encoded images by changing the exposure time of a camera. Experimental results show the displayed sequence that contains three black secret images is the most decodable with a single shot. Furthermore, we have conducted a photographing-decodable steganography by using a higher frame rate LED display that shows full-color images at 960 Hz. Experimental results show the displayed sequence that contains fifteen secret images is the most decodable with a single shot. In addition, we found that the 960-Hz LED display performs a higher decoding rate and shorter exposure time than the 480-Hz LED display.