Notice of RetractionFirm-level perspective of entrepreneurial orientation: An academic debate and discussion

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

This paper reviews the changes in the different analysis levels of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and addresses four advantages of firm-level perspective. Focusing on the academic debate on the firm-level EO construct, the Covin-Slevin model is introduced, followed with Zahra´s critique and modification, then a response from Covin and Slevin is generalized. The paper concludes that the reason for this academic debate is the different understanding on the nature of EO between scholars. Further research directions are finally suggested.