Behaviors of the different dispersers on the morphology of the porous TiO2 films

TiO₂ films with nano-particles dispersed by using three different additives such as acetylacetone, Emulsifier OP-10 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) respectively. It is found that the TiO₂ films produced at appropriate amount of Emulsifier OP-10 are no re-aggregation of TiO₂ nano-particles with pores of about 5-15 nm. By adding PEG, the pores of the TiO₂ films could be at about 50 nm to 200 nm. But, by using acetylacetone, aggregations of TiO₂ nano-particles always exist in the TiO₂ films. The related mechanism on the aggregation of nano-particles in the TiO₂ slurries is discussed.