A CMOS impedance cytometer for 3D flowing single-cell real-time analysis with ΔΣ error correction

Flow cytometry is an essential cell analysis technology in clinical immunology and haematology for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. It involves the counting, identification and sorting of cells [1,2]. Conventional bulk measurements [3] require a large volume of blood, which is not desirable for the early detection of a disease, when only a very small percentage of cells contain evidence of the disease. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, a non-invasive and high-throughput single-cell analysis method using CMOS-integrated circuits in conjunction with a microfluidic channel as the first building block of a complete cell-sorting device.