Research on the optically pumped cesium beam frequency standards

It is demonstrated experimentally with the simplest possible setup, using a single laser, that optical methods applied properly to the cesium beam frequency standard can improve the short-term frequency stability by an order of magnitude. Discussion of possible improvements shows that another order of magnitude may be gained in a standard size cesium beam frequency standard. This can be obtained by a complete state preparation using two lasers, or by optical detection e.g., by means of cycling transition excited by an extended-cavity semiconductor laser